SSD Chemical Solution Online
SSD Chemical Solution Online
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SSD Chemical Solution Online
SSD Chemical Solution Online
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SSD Chemical Solution Online
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SSD Chemical Solution Online
SSD SOLUTION THAT REMOVES ALL TYPES OF STAINS
SSD Chemical Solution Online
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How to Clean Paper Money
Place your old paper money on the clean plastic surface.
Pour the water into the container.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
Add a small amount of dishwashing soap.
Dip the sponge in the soapy water.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
Very softly wipe the note laterally, from the middle to the edges.
Be sure not to scrub or aggressively wipe the note to avoid tear and damages
SSD Chemical Solution Online
American Potash and Chemical Company
SSD Chemical Solution Online
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American Potash and Chemical Company (sometimes abbreviated as AMPOT) was a large chemical manufacturer in the United States from the 1920s through the 1960s. It produced various chemicals for US industry and the US military. It was bought by Kerr-McGee in 1967, which reformed it into the Kerr-McGee Chemical Corporation (KMCC) around 1970.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
History[edit]
SSD Chemical Solution Online
The company started by producing borax and potash from Searles Lake, at Trona, California. During World War II it diversified to other chemicals. In 1948, the company was San Bernardino County‘s second-largest employer, with 1,600 of Trona’s 5,000 residents on the payroll.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
[7] In the 1950s it bought Eston Chemicals, Western Electrochemical, and the Lindsay Chemical Company and further diversified its product line. During the Cold war era it produced ammonium perchlorate for U.S. missile industry, particularly for Falcon, Hawk, Minuteman, Nike Zeus, Pershing, Polaris, Scout, Sergeant, Tartar missiles.[8]
SSD Chemical Solution Online
In the 1960s it bought a large interest in Compagnie des Potasses du Congo. In 1967 AMPOT was bought by Kerr-McGee. Around 1970 Kerr-McGee reorganized and AMPOT became the KMCC which in 2006 was spun off as Tronox.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
SSD Chemical Solution Online
When AMPOT bought the Lindsay Chemical Company it also got the Rare Earths Facility in West Chicago, Illinois.
References[edit]
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Jump up to:ab American Potash and Chemical Company with corporate offices in Los Angeles at W. 6th St. & South Virgil AVE were closed 15 July 1969 and moved to Oklahoma City. Al Greenwood (May 2009). “Anadarko denies role in bankrupt Tronox fraud lawsuit”. ICIS / Reed Business Information Ltd. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:ab “Shareholder Class Action Filed on Behalf of Purchasers of Tronox, Inc. by the Law Firm of Barroway Topaz Kessler Meltzer & Check, LLP”. PRNewswire / Reuters. 2009. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Jump up to:ab “PACIFIC ENGINEERING & PRODUCTION COMPANY OF NEVADA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. KERR-McGEE CORPORATION”. atlaw / US 10th Circuit. 1977. Retrieved 6 October 2009. 551 F.2d 790
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Jump up to:ab “Tronox FAQ”. Tronox. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Jump up to:ab “FOLLOW-UP REVIEW OF ILLINOIS AGREEMENT STATE PROGRAM”(PDF). US NRC. 2006. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Jump up to:ab “American Potash & Chemical Corporation List of Deals”. Harvard Business School Baker Library, Lehman Brothers Collection. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Staff, “Growth Of $30,000,000 County Potash Industry Described”, San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Saturday 5 June 1948, Volume LVI, Number 240, page 11.
SSD Chemical Solution Online
- ^ Ammonium Perchlorate Has Been Qualified in Performance by Every Manufacturer and Program in Solid Propellant Technology. // Aviation Week & Space Technology, Mid-December, 1960, v. 73, no. 27, p. 330.
External links[edit]
SSD Chemical Solution Online
SSD Chemical Solution Online
Calculation methods[edit]
Assessment factor[edit]
The use of assessment factors allows for laboratory, single-species and short term toxicity data to be extrapolated to conservatively predict ecosystem effects and accounts for the uncertainty in the extrapolation. The value of the assessment factor is dependent on the uncertainty of the available data and ranges from 1-1000.[1][6][7]
Acute toxicity data[edit]
Acute toxicity data includes LC50 and EC50 data. This data is frequently screened for quality, relevancy and ideally contains data for species in multiple trophic levels and/or taxonomic groups.[1][6] The lowest LC50 in the compiled database is then divided by the assessment factor to calculate the PNEC for that data. The assessment factor applied to acute toxicity data is typically 1000.[1][6][7]
Chronic toxicity data[edit]
Chronic toxicity data includes NOEC data. The lowest NOEC value in the test dataset is divided by an assessment factor between 10 and 100 dependent on the diversity of test organisms and the amount of data available. If there are more species or data, the assessment factor is lower.[1][7]
Species sensitivity data[edit]
A PNEC may also be statistically derived from a SSD which is a model of the variability in the sensitivity of multiple species to a single toxicant or other stressor.[1][8][9] The hazardous concentration for five percent of the species (HC5) in the SSD is used to derive the PNEC. The HC5 is the concentration at which five percent of the species in the SSD exhibit an effect.[10] The HC5 is typically divided by an assessment factor of 1-5.[6] In many cases, SSDs may not exist due to the lack of data on a large number of species. In these cases, the assessment factor approach to derivation of a PNEC should be used.[1][6]
Field data or model ecosystems[edit]
Field data or model ecosystems data includes field toxicity data and mesocosm toxicity. The magnitude of the assessment factor is study-specific in these types of studies.[1][7]
Applications[edit]
Environmental risk assessment[edit]
PNEC is used extensively in Europe by the European Chemicals Agency, the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals program and other toxicology agencies to assess environmental risk.[1][6][7][11][12] PNEC values can be used in conjunction with predicted environmental concentration values to calculate a risk characterization ratio (RCR), also called a Risk Quotient (RQ). RCR is equal to the PEC divided by the PNEC for a specific chemical and is a deterministic approach to estimating environmental risk at local or regional scales.[13] If the PNEC exceeds the PEC, the conclusion is that the chemical poses no environmental risk.[14]
Assumptions[edit]
Derivation of PNEC for use in environmental risk lacks some scientific validity because the assessment factors are derived empirically.[7] Additionally, PNECs derived from single-species toxicity data also assume that ecosystems are as sensitive as the most sensitive species and that the ecosystem function is dependent on the ecosystem structure.[1]
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